SSD erkennen?

[Benmik]

Ja, jetzt sind ja schlappe 4 Jährchen vergangen, ob Mattze immer noch über der Antwort brütet?
Jedenfalls brauchte ich auch eine funktionierende SSD-Erkennung und habe mich mal ungeniert hier bedient.
Das funktioniert auch, hat aber einen großen Pferdefuß: Man braucht Administratorrechte für das CreateFile.
Kennt jemand eine Lösung, wo es auch ohne geht? Oder ist das prinzipiell unmöglich?

Delphi-Quellcode:

uses Winapi.Windows,System.SysUtils,System.Types,System.UITypes,Vcl.Dialogs;

type
  { ATA_PASS_THROUGH_EX }
  _ATA_PASS_THROUGH_EX = packed record
    Length: Word;
    AtaFlags: Word;
    PathId: UCHAR;
    TargetId: UCHAR;
    Lun: UCHAR;
    ReservedAsUchar: UCHAR;
    DataTransferLength: ULONG;
    TimeOutValue: ULONG;
    ReservedAsUlong: ULONG;
    DataBufferOffset: ULONG_PTR;
    PreviousTaskFile: array [0..7] of UCHAR;
    CurrentTaskFile: array [0..7] of UCHAR;
  end;
  {$EXTERNALSYM _ATA_PASS_THROUGH_EX}
  ATA_PASS_THROUGH_EX = _ATA_PASS_THROUGH_EX;
  {$EXTERNALSYM  ATA_PASS_THROUGH_EX}
  TAtaPassThroughEx   = _ATA_PASS_THROUGH_EX;
  PAtaPassThroughEx   = ^TAtaPassThroughEx;

  { ATAIdentifyDeviceQuery }
  TATAIdentifyDeviceQuery = packed record
    header: ATA_PASS_THROUGH_EX;
    data: array [0..255] of Word;
  end;

const
{$IF RTLVersion < 22.0}
  FILE_DEVICE_CONTROLLER  = $00000004;
  {$EXTERNALSYM FILE_DEVICE_CONTROLLER}

  FILE_READ_ACCESS        = $0001;
  {$EXTERNALSYM FILE_READ_ACCESS}

  FILE_WRITE_ACCESS       = $0002;
  {$EXTERNALSYM FILE_WRITE_ACCESS}
{$IFEND}

  ATA_FLAGS_DRDY_REQUIRED = $01;
  ATA_FLAGS_DATA_IN       = $02;
  ATA_FLAGS_DATA_OUT      = $04;
  ATA_FLAGS_48BIT_COMMAND = $08;
  ATA_FLAGS_USE_DMA       = $10;
  ATA_FLAGS_NO_MULTIPLE   = $20;

  IOCTL_SCSI_BASE         = FILE_DEVICE_CONTROLLER;
  IOCTL_ATA_PASS_THROUGH  = (IOCTL_SCSI_BASE shl 16) or
                            ((FILE_READ_ACCESS or FILE_WRITE_ACCESS) shl 14) or
                            ($040B shl 2) or
                            (METHOD_BUFFERED);
{$IF RTLversion < 22.0}
const
  FILE_READ_DATA               = $0001;
  {$EXTERNALSYM FILE_READ_DATA}

  FILE_READ_ATTRIBUTES         = $0080;
  {$EXTERNALSYM FILE_READ_ATTRIBUTES}

  FILE_DEVICE_MASS_STORAGE     = $0000002d;
  {$EXTERNALSYM FILE_DEVICE_MASS_STORAGE}

  IOCTL_STORAGE_BASE           = FILE_DEVICE_MASS_STORAGE;
  {$EXTERNALSYM IOCTL_STORAGE_BASE}

  FILE_ANY_ACCESS              = 0;
  {$EXTERNALSYM FILE_ANY_ACCESS}

  METHOD_BUFFERED              = 0;
  {$EXTERNALSYM METHOD_BUFFERED}

  IOCTL_STORAGE_QUERY_PROPERTY = (IOCTL_STORAGE_BASE shl 16) or
                                 (FILE_ANY_ACCESS shl 14) or
                                 ($0500 shl 2) or
                                 (METHOD_BUFFERED);
  {$EXTERNALSYM IOCTL_STORAGE_QUERY_PROPERTY}
{$IFEND}

type
  { STORAGE_PROPERTY_ID }
  _STORAGE_PROPERTY_ID = (
    StorageDeviceProperty                 =  0,
    StorageAdapterProperty                =  1,
    StorageDeviceIdProperty               =  2,
    StorageDeviceUniqueIdProperty         =  3,
    StorageDeviceWriteCacheProperty       =  4,
    StorageMiniportProperty               =  5,
    StorageAccessAlignmentProperty        =  6,
    StorageDeviceSeekPenaltyProperty      =  7,
    StorageDeviceTrimProperty             =  8,
    StorageDeviceWriteAggregationProperty =  9,
    StorageDeviceDeviceTelemetryProperty  = 10
  );
  {$EXTERNALSYM _STORAGE_PROPERTY_ID}
  STORAGE_PROPERTY_ID = _STORAGE_PROPERTY_ID;
  {$EXTERNALSYM  STORAGE_PROPERTY_ID}
  TStoragePropertyId  = _STORAGE_PROPERTY_ID;
  PStoragePropertyId  = ^TStoragePropertyId;

  { STORAGE_QUERY_TYPE }
  _STORAGE_QUERY_TYPE = (
    PropertyStandardQuery   = 0,
    PropertyExistsQuery     = 1,
    PropertyMaskQuery       = 2,
    PropertyQueryMaxDefined = 3
  );
  {$EXTERNALSYM _STORAGE_QUERY_TYPE}
  STORAGE_QUERY_TYPE = _STORAGE_QUERY_TYPE;
  {$EXTERNALSYM  STORAGE_QUERY_TYPE}
  TStorageQueryType  = _STORAGE_QUERY_TYPE;
  PStorageQueryType  = ^TStorageQueryType;

  { STORAGE_PROPERTY_QUERY }
  _STORAGE_PROPERTY_QUERY = packed record
    PropertyId: DWORD;
    QueryType: DWORD;
    AdditionalParameters: array[0..9] of Byte;
  end;
  {$EXTERNALSYM _STORAGE_PROPERTY_QUERY}
  STORAGE_PROPERTY_QUERY = _STORAGE_PROPERTY_QUERY;
  {$EXTERNALSYM  STORAGE_PROPERTY_QUERY}
  TStoragePropertyQuery  = _STORAGE_PROPERTY_QUERY;
  PStoragePropertyQuery  = ^TStoragePropertyQuery;

  { DEVICE_SEEK_PENALTY_DESCRIPTOR }
  _DEVICE_SEEK_PENALTY_DESCRIPTOR = packed record
    Version: DWORD;
    Size: DWORD;
    IncursSeekPenalty: ByteBool;
    Reserved: array[0..2] of Byte;
  end;
  {$EXTERNALSYM _DEVICE_SEEK_PENALTY_DESCRIPTOR}
  DEVICE_SEEK_PENALTY_DESCRIPTOR = _DEVICE_SEEK_PENALTY_DESCRIPTOR;
  {$EXTERNALSYM  DEVICE_SEEK_PENALTY_DESCRIPTOR}
  TDeviceSeekPenaltyDescriptor   = _DEVICE_SEEK_PENALTY_DESCRIPTOR;
  PDeviceSeekPenaltyDescriptor   = ^TDeviceSeekPenaltyDescriptor;
    type
      { DISK_EXTENT }
      _DISK_EXTENT = packed record
        DiskNumber: DWORD;
        StartingOffset: LARGE_INTEGER;
        ExtentLength: LARGE_INTEGER;
        Reserved: array [0..3] of Byte;
      end;
      {$EXTERNALSYM _DISK_EXTENT}
      DISK_EXTENT = _DISK_EXTENT;
      {$EXTERNALSYM  DISK_EXTENT}
      TDiskExtent = _DISK_EXTENT;
      PDiskExtent = ^TDiskExtent;

      { VOLUME_DISK_EXTENTS }
      _VOLUME_DISK_EXTENTS = packed record
        NumberOfDiskExtents: DWORD;
        Reserved: array [0..3] of Byte;
        Extents: array [0..0] of DISK_EXTENT;
      end;
      {$EXTERNALSYM _VOLUME_DISK_EXTENTS}
      VOLUME_DISK_EXTENTS = _VOLUME_DISK_EXTENTS;
      {$EXTERNALSYM  VOLUME_DISK_EXTENTS}
      TVolumeDiskExtents  =  VOLUME_DISK_EXTENTS;
      PVolumeDiskExtents  = ^TVolumeDiskExtents;

    {$IF RTLVersion < 22.0}
    const
      IOCTL_VOLUME_BASE                    = $00000056;
      {$EXTERNALSYM IOCTL_VOLUME_BASE}

      IOCTL_VOLUME_GET_VOLUME_DISK_EXTENTS = (IOCTL_VOLUME_BASE shl 16) or
                                             (FILE_ANY_ACCESS shl 14) or
                                             (0 shl 2) or
                                             (METHOD_BUFFERED);
  {$EXTERNALSYM IOCTL_VOLUME_GET_VOLUME_DISK_EXTENTS}
{$IFEND}

function  HasNominalMediaRotationRate(const PhysicalDrivePath: String): Boolean;
function  HasNoSeekPenalty(const PhysicalDrivePath: String): Boolean;
procedure PathnameToPhysicalDriveNumber(const Path: String; var PhysicalDrives: TIntegerDynArray);
function  IstSSD(LW:Char):Boolean;

implementation

function  HasNominalMediaRotationRate(const PhysicalDrivePath: String): Boolean;
var
  h: THandle;
  ATAIdentifyDeviceQuery: TATAIdentifyDeviceQuery;
  RSize: DWORD;
begin

  h := CreateFile(PChar(PhysicalDrivePath),GENERIC_READ or GENERIC_WRITE,
                  FILE_SHARE_READ or FILE_SHARE_WRITE,nil,
                  OPEN_EXISTING,FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL,0);
  if h = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE then
  begin
    RaiseLastOSError;
  end;

  try
    FillChar(ATAIdentifyDeviceQuery,SizeOf(ATAIdentifyDeviceQuery),0);
    with ATAIdentifyDeviceQuery do
    begin
      header.Length := SizeOf(header);
      header.AtaFlags := ATA_FLAGS_DATA_IN;
      header.DataTransferLength := SizeOf(data);
      header.TimeOutValue := 3;  // sec
      header.DataBufferOffset := SizeOf(header);
      header.CurrentTaskFile[6] := $EC;  // ATA IDENTIFY DEVICE command
    end;

    RSize := 0;
    if DeviceIoControl(h,IOCTL_ATA_PASS_THROUGH,
                       @ATAIdentifyDeviceQuery,SizeOf(ATAIdentifyDeviceQuery),
                       @ATAIdentifyDeviceQuery,SizeOf(ATAIdentifyDeviceQuery),
                       RSize,nil) = False then
    begin
      RaiseLastOSError;
    end;

    Result := (ATAIdentifyDeviceQuery.data[217] = 1);

  finally
    CloseHandle(h);
  end;

end;

function  HasNoSeekPenalty(const PhysicalDrivePath: String): Boolean;
var
  h :THandle;
  StoragePropertyQuery: TStoragePropertyQuery;
  DeviceSeekPenaltyDescriptor: TDeviceSeekPenaltyDescriptor;
  RSize: DWORD;
begin

  h := CreateFile(PChar(PhysicalDrivePath),FILE_READ_ATTRIBUTES,
                  FILE_SHARE_READ or FILE_SHARE_WRITE,nil,
                  OPEN_EXISTING,FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL,0);
  if h = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE then
  begin
    RaiseLastOSError;
  end;

  try
    with StoragePropertyQuery do
    begin
      PropertyId := Ord(StorageDeviceSeekPenaltyProperty);
      QueryType  := Ord(PropertyStandardQuery);
    end;

    FillChar(DeviceSeekPenaltyDescriptor,SizeOf(DeviceSeekPenaltyDescriptor),0);
    RSize := 0;
    if DeviceIoControl(h,IOCTL_STORAGE_QUERY_PROPERTY,
                       @StoragePropertyQuery,SizeOf(StoragePropertyQuery),
                       @DeviceSeekPenaltyDescriptor,SizeOf(DeviceSeekPenaltyDescriptor),
                       RSize,nil) = False then
    begin
      RaiseLastOSError;
    end;

    Result := not DeviceSeekPenaltyDescriptor.IncursSeekPenalty;

  finally
    CloseHandle(h);
  end;
end;

procedure PathnameToPhysicalDriveNumber(const Path: String; var PhysicalDrives: TIntegerDynArray);
var
  h: THandle;
  I: Integer;
  MountPoint: String;
  VolumeName: String;
  Size: DWORD;
  RSize: DWORD;
  P: PVolumeDiskExtents;
  lpFilePart : PWideChar;
  lpBuffer   : PWideChar;
begin

  SetLength(PhysicalDrives,0);
  lpBuffer := nil;
  { Pathname to mount point }
  Size := GetFullPathName(PWideChar(Path),0,lpBuffer,lpFilePart);
  SetLength(MountPoint,Size);
  if GetVolumePathName(PAnsiChar(Path),PAnsiChar(MountPoint),Size) = False then
  begin
    RaiseLastOSError;
  end;
  SetLength(MountPoint,StrLen(PWideChar(MountPoint)));

  { Mount point to logical volume name }
  Size := 50;  // Recomended size from http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa364994.aspx
  SetLength(VolumeName,Size);
  if GetVolumeNameForVolumeMountPoint(PAnsiChar(MountPoint),PAnsiChar(VolumeName),Size) = False then
  begin
    RaiseLastOSError;
  end;
  SetLength(VolumeName,StrLen(PChar(VolumeName)));
  VolumeName := ExcludeTrailingPathDelimiter(VolumeName);

  { Open volume }
  h := CreateFile(PChar(VolumeName),FILE_READ_ATTRIBUTES,
                  FILE_SHARE_READ or FILE_SHARE_WRITE,nil,
                  OPEN_EXISTING,FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL,0);
  if h = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE then
  begin
    RaiseLastOSError;
  end;

  try
    Size := SizeOf(TVolumeDiskExtents);
    P := AllocMem(Size);
    try
      FillChar(P^,Size,0);
      RSize := 0;
      if DeviceIoControl(h,IOCTL_VOLUME_GET_VOLUME_DISK_EXTENTS,
                         nil,0,
                         P,Size,
                         RSize,nil) = False then
      begin
        if GetLastError <> ERROR_MORE_DATA then
        begin
          RaiseLastOSError;
        end;

        Size := SizeOf(TVolumeDiskExtents) +
                SizeOf(DISK_EXTENT) * (P^.NumberOfDiskExtents - 1);
        ReallocMem(P,Size);
        FillChar(P^,Size,0);
        if DeviceIoControl(h,IOCTL_VOLUME_GET_VOLUME_DISK_EXTENTS,
                           nil,0,
                           P,Size,
                           RSize,nil) = False then
        begin
          RaiseLastOSError;
        end;
      end;

      SetLength(PhysicalDrives,P^.NumberOfDiskExtents);
      for I := 0 to P^.NumberOfDiskExtents - 1 do
      begin
        PhysicalDrives[I] := P^.Extents[I].DiskNumber;
      end;

    finally
      FreeMem(P);
    end;

  finally
    CloseHandle(h);
  end;

end;

function  IstSSD(LW:Char):Boolean;
var
  Index: Integer;
  Filename: String;
  PhysicalDrives: TIntegerDynArray;
  PhysicalDrivePath: String;
  IsSSD: Boolean;
begin
  Result := False;
  Filename := LW + ':\';
  SetLength(PhysicalDrives,0);
  PathnameToPhysicalDriveNumber(Filename,PhysicalDrives);
  try
    IsSSD := False;
    for Index := Low(PhysicalDrives) to High(PhysicalDrives) do
    begin
      PhysicalDrivePath := Format('\\.\PhysicalDrive%d',[PhysicalDrives[Index]]);
      try
        IsSSD := IsSSD or HasNominalMediaRotationRate(PhysicalDrivePath);
      except
        { Ignore }
      end;
      if IsSSD = True then
      begin
        exit(True);
      end;
    end;
  finally
    SetLength(PhysicalDrives,0);
  end;
end;

end.